Before submitting your work, please pay attention to the following issues:

1. Assure that your submission adheres to the Submission Manual (please read it below).
Our Submission Manual has been carefully prepared to facilitate the editorial process of submitting articles online. Therefore, please observe the formatting instructions carefully. A submission that does not comply with the journal’s requirements will be returned to the authors.

2. Check that citations and references match the norms of the American Psychological Association (APA 2020). Complete guidelines are available in the Brief Summary of the APA Style.

3.  Check that your file is free of computer viruses. Make sure to scan each file with an efficient anti-virus program before submitting it.

4. BAR - Brazilian Administration Review follows the editorial principles of the documents “Good Practices in Scientific Publication” and “Code of Ethics”, both initiatives of ANPAD that aim to help Brazilian journals to achieve high performance and to expand their impact as a reference research source in the areas of Administration and Accounting. Before submission, the authors should read these documents and agree to follow Anpad's ethics principles.

For authors submitting a qualitative research article

- Make sure you describe all procedures for data collection/construction in the article’s main text or in an appendix (if necessary);
- In researches involving the participation of human beings, the authors must have the “Informed Consent Form” filled and signed by the research participants, and provide it confidentially to the editors when requested (it will not be disclosed publically).
- We encourage researchers to seek permission from research participants so that study data may be published under the license CC 1.0 "Public Domain Dedication" so that they are open for academic use and for future research. Thus, authors can make the data public as long as they are free of personal identifiers or any element that allows a deductive link with specific participants;
- Present (when necessary) any applicable confidentiality protocol in an appendix.

To submit a new article, click here.

For questions on how to use ScholarOne Manuscripts, please click here.

 

 

Submission Manual

[Last updated April 4th, 2023]

Since August 1^st, 2005, ANPAD’s Journals adopts the American Psychological Association (APA) guidelines for citations and references in papers published in BAR – Brazilian Administration Review. If you have questions or experience difficulties with the submission process, please contact us at: bar@anpad.org.br

 

1. About the journal and publication guidelines

BAR is a scholarly journal on business and public administration published quarterly since 2004 by ANPAD (Brazilian Academy of Management). BAR is a fully open-access online journal that is a member and abides by the principles of COPE – Committee on Publication Ethics for scholarly publication. BAR is available in most indexing services, including Scopus and Scielo.

Mission: BAR’s mission is to advance scholarly knowledge on management and organizational theories to assist business and public administration worldwide through the global dissemination of conceptual and empirical studies developed in Brazil and other countries. BAR will achieve its mission using a world-class editorial process from document review to publication.

Scope: BAR publishes documents within the interests of business and public administration, management science, and organization studies. Diverse theoretical and methodological perspectives are welcome as long as they contribute to advancing the frontiers of a specific theoretical tradition and are also insightful to practice. Prospective authors should note that studies with blurred boundaries between what is inherent to organization studies and what may be framed within the interests of, for instance, anthropology and sociology will be rejected. Symptomatically, a large body of research has been misguiding organization scholars. The same policy applies to studies that are not fully characterized within another scholarly field but whose main interests concern isolated issues, such as culture, gender, race, performance, impact, and the like. BAR’s editorial scope for research articles does not include teaching cases, theoretical essays, opinion papers, purely applied practitioner-oriented technical material, and replication studies. As for the latter, replication is here conceived in broad terms, including the testing of theories (confirmation/refutation of previous findings), contextualization studies (application of scales to a different context), and perspective studies (collection of data from a different demographic group). Systematic literature reviews will be considered only if they address issues of contemporary interest both for theory development and application in organizations. Before submitting your systematic literature review, BAR recommends authors read two papers on how to develop compelling literature reviews: 1 and 2.

Authorship limitations: There should be no more than five authors per article. Also, as of January 1^st, 2007, BAR’s publisher ANPAD has set a limit of two to the number of articles submitted to BAR per author per year, regardless of the author’s position in authorship. As such, if any author who has not submitted an article to BAR in any given year submits an article co-authored by someone who has already submitted two articles to the same journal that year, the submitted article will be automatically withdrawn. Also, the following individuals cannot submit papers to BAR: (a) members of ANPAD's Presidential Board; (b) BAR's Editor-in-Chief; (c) BAR's Senior Editors; (d) BAR’s Associate Editors (permanent), and (e) members of the journal’s Editorial Policy Committee.

Language: Submissions can be made in English or Portuguese. However, if the manuscript in Portuguese is accepted for publication, the authors must send the full version of the manuscript in the English language (with proper vernacular quality and content) to BAR. The manuscripts will be published only in English, given the journal's international audience.

Ethics Compliance: BAR abides by the editorial principles of Best Practices in Scientific Publication and Code of Ethics, both initiatives of ANPAD to help Brazilian journals achieve high visibility and impact as research resources in the fields of Administration and Accounting. Before submission, authors should read those documents and agree to follow ANPAD’s principles of ethical research and publication. BAR is also a member of, and subscribes to the principles of, the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and the San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment (DORA). Regarding the journal's best practices and ethics in manuscript management, please refer to BAR's policies on misconduct, anti-plagiarism, and data falsification available under item 13 on the Editorial Policies page.

For authors submitting a qualitative research article

- Make sure you describe all procedures for data collection/construction in the article’s main text or in an appendix (if necessary);
- In researches involving the participation of human beings, the authors must have the “Informed Consent Form” filled and signed by the research participants, and provide it confidentially to the editors when requested (it will not be disclosed publically).
- We encourage researchers to seek permission from research participants so that study data may be published under the license CC 1.0 "Public Domain Dedication" so that they are open for academic use and for future research. Thus, authors can make the data public as long as they are free of personal identifiers or any element that allows a deductive link with specific participants;
- Present (when necessary) any applicable confidentiality protocol in an appendix.

Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion: BAR welcomes research that is sensitive to diversity and it values the editing, writing, and participation of diverse scientists.

1. Authors are encouraged (but not obliged) to submit researches that extend beyond samples from White/Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic populations. BAR welcomes submissions with small but diverse samples in service of broadening who is represented in the content published by the journal.

2. In addition to describing sample demographics, authors are also encouraged (but not obliged) to justify their samples and provide an overview of their sample inclusion efforts. They may provide detailed participant demographic descriptions in their method sections and in the manuscript abstract, regarding gender balance in the recruitment of participants, ethnic or other types of diversity in participant recruitment, and whether the study questionnaires were prepared in an inclusive way.

3. Authors are also encouraged to use inclusive language when writing the manuscript. Inclusive language acknowledges diversity, conveys respect to all people, is sensitive to differences, and promotes equal opportunities. Please refer to APA's Inclusive Language Guidelines.

4. Authors can refer to the Sex and Gender Equity in Research (SAGER) guidelines and the SAGER guidelines checklist. These offer systematic approaches to the use and editorial review of sex and gender information in study design, data analysis, outcome reporting and research interpretation - however, please note there is no single, universally agreed-upon set of guidelines for defining sex and gender.

5. Authors are encouraged to review APA’s Racism, Bias, and Discrimination resources, including APA’s action plan for addressing inequality, as well as the APA's Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion Framework, and COPE's Diversity and Inclusivity resources before submitting their research to BAR.

 

2. Improving your chances of getting published

In order to improve your chances of getting published, please double-check your paper vis-à-vis the following issues.

Your paper must:

1. Contribute to theory and practice in the field of business or public administration
2. Address advancements to the frontiers of scholarly knowledge and organizational practice on a global scale instead of providing insights about/to a particular country or region
3. Include bibliographical references made up of (almost only) up-to-date articles published in reputed scholarly journals available in English
4. Refer to classic authors and current developments in the theories mentioned in the paper
5. Fit BAR’s editorial policies (please also read previously published articles)
6. Be clearly aligned to the interests of public or business administration instead of being borderline to other fields such as sociology, anthropology, or economy
7. Be formatted according to the APA Style (2020).
8. Clearly state a compelling research question and the conceptual model (preferably employing a figure)
9. Be described in due methodological detail
10. Be skillfully crafted to properly address the conceptual model and answer the research question

 

3. Directions for submission

BAR uses ScholarOne Manuscripts (for document submission, double anonymized peer review, editorial decisions, and editorial team management. Documents should be thus submitted electronically after the user creates his or her account on the platform. To create your account, please follow the on-screen instructions, filling in the requested information. Your username will be your preferred email address. During account creation, you may be given the option to associate an ORCID iD with the account by either registering for a new ORCID iD or retrieving a current ORCID iD. We encourage all authors to register for ORCID, a non-profit, transparent, community-based effort to give all research activity a unique identifier. ORCID is mandatory for all authors in all submissions.

You can track the status and view the details of all your manuscripts on the journal’s ScholarOne Manuscripts site. Online training documentation is available through the Help button at the top right of all journal site pages.

 

3.1 Steps for article submission

Carefully read the instructions below for the system’s steps to submission. A submission that does not comply with journal requirements will be returned to the authors for corrections.

When you log in (https://mc04.manuscriptcentral.com/bar-scielo), you are taken to the Welcome page, where you will find the Author Center link. After selecting the Author Center link, you will find the Author Dashboard, where you begin the manuscript submission process by clicking on the “Start New Submission” button.

In step 1: Inform the manuscript type, the title (in the same language as the full text), and the structured abstract following the specific guidelines for each manuscript type.

In step 2: Load as a “Main Document” file the manuscript’s full text in a single Word (.docx) file, which must be without identification of the authors. Then, load the “Summary Page” file, which is part of the 1^st stage of evaluation of your article (desk-review assessment). This summary is not the abstract of your Main Document. Please, answer all questions below. Responses should be submitted in a separate file without the identification of the authors. This summary should not exceed one page and include:

1. Research objectives (500 characters with spaces): What are the research question(s) and main objectives?
2. Theoretical framework (500 characters with spaces): What theories and conceptual models are supporting your explanatory model, if any, and guiding your selection of variables?
3. Methodological design/approach (850 characters with spaces): What is your research strategy and why does it seem appropriate given the research question(s) and the theoretical framework? What data collection and data analysis procedures were used and why? [If appropriate] How can your population and sample be characterized? What precautions were taken to assure the validity of the study’s constructs?
4. Main findings (500 characters with spaces): What are the main results that can be drawn from your research? Do they help you test your study’s hypotheses or research propositions? Are they well supported by theoretical arguments? Do they corroborate or otherwise conflict with past results?
5. Research limitations (500 characters with spaces): What aspects might limit, or somehow question, the conclusions you have reached?
6. Contributions to academic knowledge, managerial practice, and/or to public policy (500 characters with spaces): What is novel and rich about your research and what does it add to our current stock of (theoretical, empirical, or methodological) knowledge on the subject? How can academicians, practitioners, or public policymakers benefit from this study?
7. Keywords (150 characters with spaces): Indicate from three to five keywords.

Before submitting your paper, check the specific guidelines for your manuscript type that are available later in this document. Also, please check below the instructions regarding text formatting. Authors should be careful not to use words that could compromise the double anonymized review, such as thesis, dissertation, institution, author's name, or just the abbreviations of their name, among others. Information such as acknowledgments and funding must be informed in the Cover Letter and the system's designated field, respectively (in step 6).

In step 3: It is necessary to inform which area the article is being submitted to:

Accounting; Entrepreneurship; Finance & Economics; Human Resources & Labor Relations Management; Management Information Systems & Decision Support; International Business; Logistics, Operations & Supply Chain Management; Marketing; Organization Studies; Public Administration; Science, Technology & Innovation Management; Social & Environmental Management; and Strategy.

In step 4: Authors must carefully fill in their data in the system (MANDATORY FOR ALL AUTHORS, maximum of 5 authors). Make sure that all fields are filled in correctly, affiliations (max. two per author; in the case of a student, inform the course and institution to which they are affiliated), the institution’s complete address, and authors’ contributions following CRediT Taxonomy. All authors must present their ORCID in the submission. If there is more than one author, order according to the contribution of each one in the work. There should be no more than five authors per article.

In step 5: It is possible to indicate recommended and non-recommended reviewers. Completion is not mandatory.

In step 6: Please upload two files: the filled Open Science Compliance Form, and another file with the Cover Letter. The Open Science Compliance Form must be correctly filled out and attached.

The cover letter and the revision letter (when submitting a revision) are essential parts of your paper submission. Both letters are mandatory as part of the editorial process, and they allow the authors to talk directly to the editors about their study and other relevant issues. In the first submission of a paper, the cover letter should be helpful to the editors in informing certain details, such as how the study is connected to BAR’s publishing tradition and interests, how the study is connected to the authors’ previous works, and background, what is the story behind the study, and other issues that help the editors anticipate the potential quality, contribution and fit of the submitted paper. The cover letter may contain the identification of authorship, as only the editors have access to it. Information such as acknowledgments and funding must be informed in the Cover Letter and the system's designated field, respectively.

The revision letter is submitted along with each revised version of a paper, thus being dependent on the progress of the paper through the editorial process. The revision letter should be anonymous and provide detailed answers to the editors and reviewers in terms of the authors’ decisions and corresponding actions regarding each and every review note.

The authors must inform the classification of the document according to JEL codes both in the cover letter and in the main document after the Abstract and Keywords. The JEL classification system originated with the Journal of Economic Literature and is widely used in scholarly resources in the field of Economics and related ones. Please access the JEL codes at: https://www.aeaweb.org/jel/guide/jel.php. Use that guide to gain insight on how to classify your work accordingly. The authors may also decide not to include a code if there is no appropriate match. In this case, please inform “JEL nonadherent”.

In step 7: Review the information filled in the system and make changes if necessary. Authors must view the PDF proof before completing the submission, otherwise, the system will not allow the submission to be completed.

 

3.2 Important notes

• Works that represent the publication of the same research with a different focus (for distinct audiences), or that have been previously presented in conferences or as a preprint, should explicitly mention such facts at the moment of submission. Any other relevant information should also be included in the cover letter.
• BAR does not use footnotes. Use the least number of endnotes possible, numbering them sequentially in the body of the text and including them at the end of the article (endnotes), before the list of references. A maximum of 6 endnotes is recommended.
• Please see that BAR is devoted to global readership in English. As such, we cannot accept bibliographical references in other languages when equivalent in-English sources are available. Please make sure that you use only sources in English throughout your paper OR please include sources in English along with the sources in other languages in each citation, except for when it is not possible at all.
• BAR demands that authors present, at the moment of submission, the necessary permissions to use any material protected by copyright – for example, illustrations, artwork, and photographs, including any materials from online sources. To reproduce copyrighted contents, the authors must obtain written permission from the owners of the rights and send the permissions to BAR’s Editorial Office. Permission is not necessary for significantly adapted content (but full citation to the source remains mandatory).
• All prospective authors and authors of papers published in BAR in the preceding two years should be available to collaborate with at least one review if needed.
• Since December 2022, the authors retain the copyright relating to their article and grant the journal BAR, from ANPAD, the right of first publication, with the work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0), as stated in the article’s PDF document. After article acceptance, the authors must sign a Term of Authorization for Publication, which is sent to the authors by e-mail for electronic signature before publication.
• Neither ANPAD nor its editors are responsible for the opinions, ideas, and concepts included in published materials beyond concurring with the potential academic impact on the literature. The authors bear full authority and responsibility for their articles.
• All papers are published under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
• There are no charges to submit, publish or read articles. BAR also does not sell content.
• BAR uses iThenticate as the plagiarism detection tool.
• Open Science practices: please refer to BAR's policies on open data, data citation, and open peer review available under item 12 on the Editorial Policies page.

 

3.3 Document formatting

For the initial submission, the authors are free to decide on the layout of the papers. BAR understands that the focus of analysis should be a paper’s contents, not the presentation. However, as per the usual preference of reviewers, we suggest that the authors consider the following format:

Text-editing software	MS-Word for Windows 2010 or later
Paper	A-4 (29,7 x 21 cm)
Margins	1 inch (2.5 centimeters)
Font type	Times New Roman, Calibri, Arial, Verdana, or Tahoma (including titles, abstract, and reference list)
Font size	10 or 11 points
Line spacing	1,5 (including titles, abstract, and reference list)
Paragraph indentation	Optional, or include a blank line between paragraphs
Paragraph alignment	Fully justified (left and right margins)
Pagination	Include the number of pages in the upper right
Bold and Underline	Do not use bold or underline to emphasize words
Italics	Italics may be used to emphasize a particular word, such as in the first occurrence or definition of a key concept
Title	The title of articles should be as concise as possible and address the main theoretical tradition, model or constructs of the study as well as how the study distinguishes from other studies in the field. Do not use abbreviations. It should be placed at the beginning of the work, uppercase only in main words, without identifying the authors
Abstract	The abstract can be a maximum of 1,350 characters, including spaces
Double quotation marks	Used for direct quotes as well as statements taken from interviews
Single quotation marks	Used within double quotation marks to separate material that was within quotation marks in the original source
Writing	Texts with one author may be written in first person singular or third person impersonal. Texts with more than one author may be written in first person plural or third person impersonal
Abbreviations and acronyms	Use parentheses to introduce an abbreviation or acronym
Brackets	Use brackets to separate material within parentheses or text inserted in a citation by another person who is not the original author
Sections and subsections	Add increasing, multilevel numbers indicating sections and subsections, before their titles, which should follow the following format: 1 ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION WITHIN COMPANIES (Title with all words in upper case, justified, and in bold – preceded and followed by a blank line.) 1.1 Environmental education within companies (Title with the first letter of the first word in upper case, justified, and in bold – preceded and followed by a blank line.) 1.1.1 Environmental education within companies (Title with the first letter of the first word in upper case, justified, in bold, and in italic – preceded and followed by a blank line.) 1.1.1.1 Environmental education within companies (Title with the first letter of the first word in upper case, justified, in bold, italic, and underscored – preceded and followed by a blank line.)
Article length	Research articles submitted to BAR are expected to have around 10,000 words. Thinking Outside the Box submissions are expected to have around 4,000 words. Interviews are expected to have around 3,000 words.
Acknowledgments and Funding	Please inform the acknowledgments in the Cover Letter only. Regarding funding, please inform in the dedicated field in the system during submission.

 

4. Research articles

Research articles submitted to BAR are expected to have around 10,000 words including everything except the structured abstract (which is submitted separately – Summary page). Slightly larger articles can be processed, especially if reviewers ask for additional information. As per the final publication, authors may be requested by the editorial office to reduce their articles to fit the 10,000-word limit, thus it is advisable to be near that limit from the beginning. The manuscript file must be without any identification of the authors, including: the title; the abstract (containing the objective, methods, results, and conclusions; this text can be a maximum of 1,350 characters, including spaces); three to five keywords; and the references list.

BAR’s editorial scope for research articles does not include teaching cases, theoretical essays, opinion papers, purely applied practitioner-oriented technical material, and replication studies. As for the latter, replication is here conceived in broad terms, including the testing of theories (confirmation/refutation of previous findings), contextualization studies (application of scales to a different context), and perspective studies (collection of data from a different demographic group). Systematic literature reviews will be considered only if they address issues of contemporary interest both for theory development and application in organizations. Before submitting your systematic literature review, BAR recommends authors read two papers on how to develop compelling literature reviews: 1 and 2.

 

5. Interviews

An interview is a conversation between two or more people – the interviewer and the interviewee(s) – seeking to build a discourse on a particular subject matter.

BAR accepts interviews with renowned researchers in Applied Social Sciences. Interviews should be formatted following the same document formatting as for research article submissions (please see above).

When submitting, please upload two files. The first is the Summary Page and should comprise a brief text with data about the interviewee, including information about their vitae, the institution with which they are affiliated, and a summary of their scientific production, academic education, among other things. Remember that the interviewer's information has already been filled out in the submission form (author). The second file is the Main Document and should contain the interview text, which should be elaborated in a question-and-answer format. The text is expected to have around 3,000 words.

Please include a short presentation of the main topic of the interview and the objectives in the Cover Letter.

Regarding the evaluation process, submitted interviews will go through an initial evaluation by the Editor-in-chief. Depending upon the theme, the Editor-in-chief will indicate an Associate editor to perform the interview analysis and recommend whether or not to publish the interview. The journal reserves the right to propose modifications that contribute to greater text clarity.

For publication, the author and interviewer must sign a Term of Authorization for Publication, which is sent to the authors by e-mail for electronic signature before publication.

 

6. Thinking outside the box

Thinking outside the box (TOB) is a highly selective section of BAR documents, where reputed scholars discuss emergent ideas, controversies in the field, statistical data from the industry, and practical experiences with organizational theories and models in unique situations. Such articles are usually submitted as per an invitation by BAR's editors, but authors may also submit articles voluntarily. All articles are reviewed by a pool of editors before being accepted for publication.

TOB articles do not follow the typical structure of research articles in terms of how the ideas are organized in sections, and they also do not include a methodological discussion. Instead, they are more like articles in professional magazines, where authors communicate their views more directly to explain unusual ideas or discuss data from practice.

The suggested size of TOB articles is about 4,000 words, with sections including a 200-word summary, a review of the theoretical tradition or practical domain where the article is positioned, the author's claims and propositions, an agenda for research or practice, and bibliographical references (limited to a minimum) in order to contextualize the argument. A "statement of the academic standing of the authors" must be submitted along with the main document (as a supplemental file not for review) describing their most relevant academic achievements. When submitting your article, please upload a blank page for the mandatory file type ‘Summary page’.

Please find below some hints on how to improve your TOB proposal:

• Having a figure or table summarizing the conceptual framework or practical intervention improves how a TOB paper communicates to readers. Remind that TOB papers should efficiently/parsimoniously communicate a potentially paradigmatic view of organizations or managerial action. Visual resources are thus helpful.
• Please avoid proposals that pertain to borderline disciplines such as Sociology, Anthropology, Psychology, and the like. Please assure that you are discussing Organization/Management issues.

Please use only (reputed) bibliographical references that are available in English. Exceptions should be strongly justified in the cover letter. TOB papers should engage the audience in challenging extant organizational/managerial paradigms, thus the bibliographical references must be useful in this intent.

 

7. Tables and figures

Tables and Figures should be used, according to the APA Style (2020), when they allow the author to present a larger quantity of information to the reader, in a more efficient and more easily understood manner than in text, as long as it does not replicate the information already included in the text. Therefore, any information that is not in textual form should be in the form of a TABLE or FIGURE (that is, terms such as graphic, map, flowchart, design, photograph, etc. should not be used).

According to the APA style (2020), tables normally show numerical values or textual information (e.g., lists of stimulus words) arranged in an orderly display of columns and rows. A figure may be a chart, a graph, a photograph, a drawing, or any other illustration or non-textual depiction (APA, 2020). Tables are usually characterized by a line-column structure; thus, other types of illustrations, which differ from this characteristic, should be labeled figures.

 

7.1 Tables

Tables should be inserted in the body of the text, soon after their reference or citation. For the sake of word count (paper size), please consider a half-page table as representing 300 words.

 

Text-editing software	Word for Windows 2010 or later If the authors developed their tables using any other programs, such as Excel, please redo the tables using Word
Font type and size	Times New Roman, Calibri, Arial, Verdana, or Tahoma, 10 point
Line spacing	Single
Spacing before and after	3 pt
Colors	Optional, but preferably use grayscale
Title	Table titles should be brief, clear, and explanatory. They should be placed above the table, in the upper left corner, and just below the word Table (with the first letter upper case), accompanied by a designated number. The tables should be presented with sequential Arabic numbers within the text, such as Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, etc.
Citation	To cite tables in the text body, simply write the number referring to the table, for example Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, etc. Never write ‘table below’, ‘table above’, or ‘table on page XX’, because the numeration of the article pages might be altered during formatting for publication.
Table notes	Tables can have three kinds of notes: general notes, specific notes, and probability notes. The notes are presented in the left margin (without indentation) below the table (between the table and the note there should be two spaces). They should be ordered in the following sequence: general notes, specific notes, and probability notes. Each type of note should be presented in a new line. Notes are used to eliminate repetition within the body of the table (APA, 2020).
	General note: A general note qualifies, explains, or provides information relating to the table as a whole and ends with an explanation of any abbreviations, symbols, and the like (APA, 2020). It is designated by the word Note and should be used to supply other sources of data that have been reproduced in the Table, or if the entire Table was a reproduction from another source. Specific note: Refers to one column, line, or item in particular, and should be indicated by lower case, superscript letters (a, b, c). Probability note: indicates the results of significance tests and is indicated by an asterisk (*) or other superscript symbols.
Tables reproduced from another source	These should be presented in a general note below the table, giving the complete source, even if it is an adaptation. It is the author’s responsibility to obtain written permission from the owners of the publishing rights to reproduce extracts from other copyright works and send these permissions to our editorial office.
Examples	Note. Source: Rowley, T. (1997). Moving beyond dyadic ties: a network theory of stakeholder influences. Academy of Management Review, 22(4), 887-910. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1997.9711022107 Note. Source: Adapted from Rowley, T. (1997). Moving beyond dyadic ties: A network theory of stakeholder influences. Academy of Management Review, 22(4), 887-910. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1997.9711022107

 

7.2 Figures

Following the APA style (2020), Figures can be a chart, a graph, a photograph, a drawing, or any other illustration or non-textual depiction. At times the boundary between tables and figures may be unclear; however, tables are almost always characterized by a row-column structure. Any type of illustration that a table is referred to as a figure (APA, 2020).

We advise authors to check their manuscripts for possible breaches of copyright law and secure the necessary permissions before submission. Permission Grants (PGs) are needed at the time of submission if the manuscript contains extracts (including illustrations, artwork, and photographs) from other copyright works (this includes material from online or intranet sources). It is the author’s responsibility to obtain written permission from the owners of the publishing rights to reproduce such extracts and send these permissions to our editorial office, by mail.

Figures should be inserted in the body of the text, soon after their reference or citation. For the sake of word count (paper size), please consider a half-page figure as representing 300 words.

 

Font type and size	Times New Roman, Calibri, Arial, Verdana, or Tahoma, 10 point
Line spacing	Single
Color in figures	Optional, but preferably use gray scale and high resolution
Formatting	It is the author's responsibility to ensure that figures are provided at a sufficiently high resolution (+ 500 dpi) to ensure high-quality reproduction in the final article. All image files should be in TIFF (Tagged Image File Format) or EPS (Encapsulated PostScript) formats.
Title	Times New Roman, Calibri, Arial, Verdana, or Tahoma, 10 point Explain the figure in a concise but descriptive way. The title should be placed below the figure, according to the APA (2020), as a legend, and numbered with sequential Arabic numbers within the text, preceded by the word ‘Figure’ (with the first letter in upper case). Ex.: Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3, etc. After the title, any other necessary information needed to clarify the figure should be added to the legend, such as units of measurement, symbols, scales, abbreviations, and sources.
Legend	Legends are used to explain the symbols used in the figure and should be placed within the limits of the figure.
Size and proportions	Figures should be adjusted to the journal’s dimensions. Therefore, any figure should be created or inserted into the article in a manner that allows it to be reproduced to the width of the columns or pages for the journal where it will be submitted.
Citations	To cite figures in the body of the text, merely write the number referring to the figure, for example, Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3, etc. (the word ‘Figure’ should be written with the first letter in upper case).  Never write ‘figure below’, ‘figure above’, or ‘figure on page XX’, because the page numbers in the article might be changed during formatting.
Figures reproduced from another source	Figures reproduced from another source should include, below the table, the complete source, even if it is an adaptation. Remember to secure the necessary permissions to reproduce figures before submission.
Examples	Note. Rowley, T. (1997). Moving beyond dyadic ties: A network theory of stakeholder influences. Academy of Management Review, 22(4), 887-910. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1997.9711022107 Note. Adapted from Rowley, T. (1997). Moving beyond dyadic ties: A network theory of stakeholder influences. Academy of Management Review, 22(4), 887-910. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1997.9711022107

 

8. Citations and references

Citations in the text body should include the author’s last name, the date of publication, and page number (if necessary), as conforms to the APA style (2020).

The reference list should include complete data for all authors cited, presented in alphabetical order at the end of the text, following the American Psychological Association style (APA, 2020).

 

9. References used in the Submission Manual

American Psychological Association. (2021). What’s New. https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/whats-new-7e-guide.pdf

American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). https://apastyle.apa.org/

Taylor and Francis Group. (2021). Taylor & Francis Journals Standard Reference Style Guide: American Psychological Association, Seventh Edition (APA-7). https://files.taylorandfrancis.com/tf_APA.pdf