Coopetition and Cooperation in the Shipping Industry: A Study on the Brazilian Coast
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Abstract
Objective: competition and cooperation occur in different areas of the market. The shipping industry is one of the areas characterized by strong competition and operational cooperation with the objective of operational improvement. Through mergers and acquisitions and joint ventures, the shipping industry has advanced with its business and sought better results. Methods: we analyzed coopetition strategies between global actors of shipping industry in the Brazilian market. We used the multiple case study method with the four main shipping lines in the world based on semi-structured interviews and data from official documents. Results: the results indicate that the shipping lines often employ the strategy of joint services and slot service in partnership with other shipping companies. Market coverage, customer needs, and reduced operating costs were identified as the main motivations for coopetition in the shipping industry. Conclusions: we particularly reveal the coopetition strategies of the shipping companies evaluated in the Brazilian market and their plans to continue operating in this strategic region for the shipping industry.
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Lemos, L. H. dos S., & Floriani, D. E. (2024). Coopetition and Cooperation in the Shipping Industry: A Study on the Brazilian Coast. Brazilian Administration Review, 21(1), e230113. https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-7692bar2024230113
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Donato, A., Carfi, D., & Blandina, B. (2018). Coopetitive games for management of marine transportation activity: A study case. Mathematics, 6(12), 1-17. https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jmathe/v6y2018i12p322-d190016.html
Drobetz, W., Janzen, M., & Requejo, I. (2019). Capital allocation and ownership concentration in the shipping industry. Transportation Research Part E, 122, 78-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2018.09.010
Eisenhardt, K. M. (1989). Building Theories from Case Study Research. The Academy of Management Review, 14(4), 532-550. https://doi.org/10.2307/258557
Emborg, J., & Gamborg, C. (2016). A wild controversy: Cooperation and competition among landowners, hunters, and other outdoor recreational land-users in Denmark. Land Use Policy, 59, 197-206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2016.08.030
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Haralambides, H. E. (2007). Structure and operations in the liner shipping industry. In, D. A. Hensher, K. J. Button. Handbook of Transport Modelling (2nd ed., pp. 761-775). Emerald Group.
Heaver, T., Meersman, H., Moglia, F., & Van de Voorde, E. (2000). Do mergers and alliances influence European shipping and port competition? Maritime Policy & Management, 27(4), 363-373.
Kavirathna, C. A., Kawasaki, T., & Hanaoka, S. (2019). Intra-port coopetition under different combinations of terminal ownership. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 128, 132-148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2019.06.001
Kavirathna, C. A., Kawasaki, T., Hanaoka, S., & Bandara, Y. M. (2020). Cooperation with a vessel transfer policy for coopetition among container terminals in a single port. Transport Policy, 89, 1-12.
Klein, K., Semrau, T., Albers, S., & Zajac, E. J. (2020). Multimarket coopetition: How the interplay of competition and cooperation affects entry into shared markets. Long Range Planning, 53(1), 101868. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2019.02.001
Knatz, G. (2018). Port mergers: Why not Los Angeles and Long Beach? Research in Transportation Business & Management, 26, 26-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2018.02.001
Koliousis, I. G., Papadimitriou, S., Riza, E., Stavroulakis, P. J., & Tsioumas, V. (2019). Strategic correlations for maritime clusters. Transportation Research Part A, 120, 43-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2018.12.012
Lado, A. A., Boyd, N. G., & Hanlon, S. C. (1997). Competition, cooperation, and the search for economic rents: A syncretic model. Academy of Management Review, 22, 1101141.
Leite, E., Pahlberg, C., & Aberg, S. (2017). The cooperation-competition interplay in the ICT Industry. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 33(4), 495-505. https://doi.org/10.1108/JBIM-02-2017-0038
Lin, D-Y., & Huang, C-C. (2013). Coopetition in international maritime shipping. Polish Maritime Research, 20(79), 5-12. https://doi.org/10.2478/pomr-2013-0022
Lin, D-Y., Huang, C-C., & NG, M-W. (2017). The coopetition game in international liner shipping. Maritime Policy & Management, 44(4), 474-495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03088839.2017.1295325
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