Exploring the Adoption of Intraorganizational Coopetition in Competitive Environments: Implications for the Banking Sector
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Abstract
Objective: this article investigates the dynamics of intraorganizational coopetition within a Brazilian public bank, examining how competition, cooperation, and coopetition coexist within the same institution. Methods and Results: through a qualitative deductive approach using a case study method, it was found that collaborative practices among branches and superintendencies validate the propositions that competition, cooperation, and coopetition can coexist in the same environment. Furthermore, the study underscores the significance of coopetition for the operational efficiency and commercial performance of the bank, addressing the impact of organizational climate, knowledge sharing, and concealment, along with the challenges and benefits associated with intraorganizational coopetition. Conclusions: this research offers valuable insights for managers and contributes to the understanding of coopetition in competitive settings like the banking sector.
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Bühler, R. N., & Borba, D. de. (2024). Exploring the Adoption of Intraorganizational Coopetition in Competitive Environments: Implications for the Banking Sector. Brazilian Administration Review, 21(1), e230103. https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-7692bar2024230103
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Research Articles
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References
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Baierl, R., Anokhin, S., & Grichnik, D. (2016). Coopetition in corporate venture capital: The relationship between network attributes, corporate innovativeness and financial performance. International Journal of Technology Management, 71(1-2), 58-80. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTM.2016.077978
Bardin, L. (2016). Análise de Conteúdo (3rd ed.). Almedina Brasil.
Bendig, D., Enke, S., Thieme, N., & Brettel, M. (2018). Performance implications of cross-functional coopetition in new product development: The mediating role of organizational learning. Industrial Marketing Management, 73, 137-153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2018.02.007
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Borba, D., & Chaves, M. S. (2021). An integrative analysis of knowledge management implementation frameworks: A proposed research agenda. Revista Alcance, 28(2), 258-277. https://doi.org/10.14210/alcance.v28n2(mai/ago).p258-277
Borba, D., Chaves, M. S., & Oliveira, M. (2022). Knowledge sharing in the banking sector: A systematic literature review and research agenda. International Journal of Knowledge Management Studies, 13(1), 55.
https://doi.org/10.1504/IJKMS.2022.119260
Bouncken, R. B., Gast, J., Kraus, S., & Bogers, M. (2015). Coopetition: A systematic review, synthesis and future research directions. Review of Managerial Science, 9(3), 577-601. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11846-015-0168-6/TABLES/3
Brandenburger, A. M., & Barry, J. N. (1995). The right game: Use game theory to shape strategy. Long Range Planning, 28(5), 128. https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-6301(95)90326-7
Brolos, A. (2009). Innovative coopetition: The strength of strong ties. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 8(1), 110. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJESB.2009.024108
Bühler, R. N., Tubin, L. C., Duarte, G. Z., & Verschoore, J. R. (2023). Intraorganizational coopetition: Antecedents, dynamics and outcomes of the interplay between cooperation and competition. International Journal of Business and Management, 18(4), 200-209. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v18n4p200
Chatzoglou, P. D., & Vraimaki, E. (2009). Knowledge-sharing behaviour of bank employees in Greece. Business Process Management Journal, 15(2), 245-266. https://doi.org/10.1108/14637150910949470/FULL/HTML
Chen, D.-N., Liang, T.-P., & Lin, B. (2010). An ecological model for organizational knowledge management. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 50(3), 11- 22. https://doi.org/10.1080/08874417.2010.11645403
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Cygler, J., & Sroka, W. (2017). Coopetition disadvantages: The case of the high tech companies. Engineering Economics, 28(5), 494-504. https://doi.org/10.5755/J01.EE.28.5.16421
Czakon, W., Klimas, P., & Mariani, M. (2020). Behavioral antecedents of coopetition: A synthesis and measurement scale. Long Range Planning, 53(1), 101875. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2019.03.001
Demirel, Y., Arzova, B., Ardıç, K., & Baş, T. (2013). Organizational learning on coopetition strategy: An exploratory research on a Turkish private banks credit card application. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 99, 902-910. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.10.563
Dorn, S., Schweiger, B., & Albers, S. (2016). Levels, phases and themes of coopetition: A systematic literature review and research agenda. European Management Journal, 34(5), 484-500. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2016.02.009
Drnevich, P. L., & Croson, D. C. (2013). Information technology and business-level strategy: Toward an integrated theoretical perspective. MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems, 37(2), 483-509. https://doi.org/10.25300/MISQ/2013/37.2.08
Eisenhardt, K. M., & Graebner, M. E. (2007). Theory building from cases: Opportunities and challenges. Academy of Management Journal, 50(1), 25-32. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMJ.2007.24160888
Estrada, I., Faems, D., & Faria, P. (2016). Coopetition and product innovation performance: The role of internal knowledge sharing mechanisms and formal knowledge protection mechanisms. Industrial Marketing Management, 53, 56- 65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2015.11.013
Garcia, P. S., Oliveira, M., & Brohman, K. (2022). Knowledge sharing, hiding and hoarding: how are they related? Knowledge Management Research and Practice, 20(3), 339-351. https://doi.org/10.1080/14778238.2020.1774434
Gernsheimer, O., Kanbach, D. K., & Gast, J. (2021). Coopetition research - A systematic literature review on recent accomplishments and trajectories. Industrial Marketing Management, 96, 113-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2021.05.001
Hosseini, M. A. S., Keimasi, M., Zanjani, M. S., & Haghighikhah, M. (2022). A systematic literature review of bank-fintech collaboration. Journal of Business Management, 14(2), 199-227. https://doi.org/10.22059/JIBM.2022.328496.4191
Kriz, A., Voola, R., & Yuksel, U. (2014). The dynamic capability of ambidexterity in hypercompetition: Qualitative insights. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 22(4), 287-299. https://doi.org/10.1080/0965254X.2013.876075
Luo, X., Slotegraaf, R. J., & Pan, X. (2006). Cross-functional “coopetition”: The simultaneous role of cooperation and competition within firms. Journal of Marketing, 70(2), 67-80. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.70.2.067
Luo, Y. (2005). Toward coopetition within a multinational enterprise: A perspective from foreign subsidiaries. Journal of World Business, 40(1), 71-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2004.10.006
Mail, M. S., Verschoore, J. R., & Monticelli, J. M. (2021). The interplay of competition and cooperation in the innovation process between established organizations and startups. International Journal of Business Administration, 12(4), 16. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijba.v12n4p16
Makkar, S., & Basu, S. (2019). The impact of emotional intelligence on workplace behaviour: A study of bank employees. Global Business Review, 20(2), 458-478. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972150917713903
Modenesi, A. M., & Passos, N. (2022). Bancos públicos e política monetária: Teoria e alguns resultados com base em projeções locais dependentes de estado. Brazilian Journal of Political Economy, 42(3), 697-717. https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-31572022-3280
Nalebuff, B. J., & Brandenburger, A. M. (1997). Co-opetition: Competitive and cooperative business strategies for the digital economy. Strategy & Leadership, 25(6), 28-33. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb054655
Nonaka, I., Kodama, M., Hirose, A., & Kohlbacher, F. (2014). Dynamic fractal organizations for promoting knowledge-based transformation: A new paradigm for organizational theory. European Management Journal, 32(1), 137-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2013.02.003
Oliveira, M., Curado, C., & Garcia, P. S. (2021). Knowledge hiding and knowledge hoarding: A systematic literature review. Knowledge and Process Management, 28(3), 277-294. https://doi.org/10.1002/kpm.1671
Pope, C., Ziebland, S., & Mays, N. (2000). Qualitative research in health care: Analysing qualitative data. BJM Books, 320(January), 455-466. https://doi.org/10.1201/b19093
Pratt, M. (2009). From the editors: For the lack of a boilerplate: Tips on writing up (and reviewing) qualitative research. Academy of Management Journal, 52(5), 856-862. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMJ.2009.44632557
Raza-Ullah, T., Bengtsson, M., & Kock, S. (2014). The coopetition paradox and tension in coopetition at multiple levels. Industrial Marketing Management, 43(2), 189-198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2013.11.001 Rynes, S., & Gephart, R. P. (2004). Qualitative research and the Academy of Management Journal. Academy of Management Journal, 47(4), 454-462. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMJ.2004.14438580
Seepana, C., Paulraj, A., & Huq, F. A. (2020). The architecture of coopetition: Strategic intent, ambidextrous managers and knowledge sharing. Industrial Marketing Management, 91, 100-113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2020.08.012
Shvindina, H. (2019). Coopetition as an emerging trend in research: Perspectives for safety & security. Safety, 5(3), 61. https://doi.org/10.3390/safety5030061
Solarino, A. M., & Aguinis, H. (2021). Challenges and best‐practice recommendations for designing and conducting interviews with elite informants. Journal of Management Studies, 58(3), 649-672.
Tidström, A. (2009). Causes of conflict in intercompetitor cooperation. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 24(7), 506-518. https://doi.org/10.1108/08858620910986749
Tidström, A., & Rajala, A. (2016). Coopetition strategy as interrelated praxis and practices on multiple levels. Industrial Marketing Management, 58, 35-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2016.05.013
Tsai, W. (2002). Social structure of “coopetition” within a multiunit organization: Coordination, competition and intraorganizational knowledge sharing. Organization Science, 13(2), 179-190. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.13.2.179.536
Tsai, Y., Joe, S., Chen, M., Lin, C., Ma, H., & Du, J. (2016). Assessing team performance: Moderating roles of transactive memory, hypercompetition and emotional regulation. Human Performance, 29(2), 89-105. https://doi.org/10.1080/08959285.2016.1154059
Yao, G., Zhao, H., Hu, Y., & Zheng, X. (2023). Exploring knowledge sharing and hiding on employees’ creative behaviors: A coopetition perspective. Journal of Innovation and Knowledge, 8(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2023.100447
Yin, R. K. (2012). Case study methods. In H. Cooper, P. M. Camic, D. L. Long, A. T. Panter, D. Rindskopf, & K. J. Sher (Eds.), APA Handbook of Research Methods in Psychology, Research Designs: Quantitative, Qualitative, Neuropsychological and Biological (vol. 2, pp. 141-155). https://doi.org/10.1037/13620-009
Abdillah, M. R., Lin, C. T., Anita, R., Suroto, B., & Hadiyati. (2018). Knowledge-sharing behavior among banking officers in Indonesia. Journal of International Studies, 11(2), 1360153. https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-8330.2018/11-2/10
Al Ahbabi, S. A., Singh, S. K., Balasubramanian, S., & Gaur, S. S. (2019). Employee perception of impact of knowledge management processes on public sector performance. Journal of Knowledge Management, 23(2), 351-373. https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-08-2017-0348
Alavi, M., & Leidner, D. (1999). Knowledge management systems: Issues, challenges and benefits. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 1(February). https://doi.org/10.17705/1CAIS.00107
Baierl, R., Anokhin, S., & Grichnik, D. (2016). Coopetition in corporate venture capital: The relationship between network attributes, corporate innovativeness and financial performance. International Journal of Technology Management, 71(1-2), 58-80. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTM.2016.077978
Bardin, L. (2016). Análise de Conteúdo (3rd ed.). Almedina Brasil.
Bendig, D., Enke, S., Thieme, N., & Brettel, M. (2018). Performance implications of cross-functional coopetition in new product development: The mediating role of organizational learning. Industrial Marketing Management, 73, 137-153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2018.02.007
Borba, D. (2022). Research directions for value co-destruction in banking digital transformation. In Expert Systems With Recent Applications. IntechOpen.
Borba, D., & Chaves, M. S. (2021). An integrative analysis of knowledge management implementation frameworks: A proposed research agenda. Revista Alcance, 28(2), 258-277. https://doi.org/10.14210/alcance.v28n2(mai/ago).p258-277
Borba, D., Chaves, M. S., & Oliveira, M. (2022). Knowledge sharing in the banking sector: A systematic literature review and research agenda. International Journal of Knowledge Management Studies, 13(1), 55.
https://doi.org/10.1504/IJKMS.2022.119260
Bouncken, R. B., Gast, J., Kraus, S., & Bogers, M. (2015). Coopetition: A systematic review, synthesis and future research directions. Review of Managerial Science, 9(3), 577-601. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11846-015-0168-6/TABLES/3
Brandenburger, A. M., & Barry, J. N. (1995). The right game: Use game theory to shape strategy. Long Range Planning, 28(5), 128. https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-6301(95)90326-7
Brolos, A. (2009). Innovative coopetition: The strength of strong ties. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 8(1), 110. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJESB.2009.024108
Bühler, R. N., Tubin, L. C., Duarte, G. Z., & Verschoore, J. R. (2023). Intraorganizational coopetition: Antecedents, dynamics and outcomes of the interplay between cooperation and competition. International Journal of Business and Management, 18(4), 200-209. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v18n4p200
Chatzoglou, P. D., & Vraimaki, E. (2009). Knowledge-sharing behaviour of bank employees in Greece. Business Process Management Journal, 15(2), 245-266. https://doi.org/10.1108/14637150910949470/FULL/HTML
Chen, D.-N., Liang, T.-P., & Lin, B. (2010). An ecological model for organizational knowledge management. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 50(3), 11- 22. https://doi.org/10.1080/08874417.2010.11645403
Corbo, L., Kraus, S., Vlačić, B., Dabić, M., Caputo, A., & Pellegrini, M. M. (2023). Coopetition and innovation: A review and research agenda. Technovation, 122, 102624. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2022.102624 Crick, J. M., & Crick, D. (2020). Coopetition and COVID-19: Collaborative business-to-business marketing strategies in a pandemic crisis. Industrial Marketing Management, 88(May), 206-213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2020.05.016
Cygler, J., & Sroka, W. (2017). Coopetition disadvantages: The case of the high tech companies. Engineering Economics, 28(5), 494-504. https://doi.org/10.5755/J01.EE.28.5.16421
Czakon, W., Klimas, P., & Mariani, M. (2020). Behavioral antecedents of coopetition: A synthesis and measurement scale. Long Range Planning, 53(1), 101875. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2019.03.001
Demirel, Y., Arzova, B., Ardıç, K., & Baş, T. (2013). Organizational learning on coopetition strategy: An exploratory research on a Turkish private banks credit card application. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 99, 902-910. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.10.563
Dorn, S., Schweiger, B., & Albers, S. (2016). Levels, phases and themes of coopetition: A systematic literature review and research agenda. European Management Journal, 34(5), 484-500. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2016.02.009
Drnevich, P. L., & Croson, D. C. (2013). Information technology and business-level strategy: Toward an integrated theoretical perspective. MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems, 37(2), 483-509. https://doi.org/10.25300/MISQ/2013/37.2.08
Eisenhardt, K. M., & Graebner, M. E. (2007). Theory building from cases: Opportunities and challenges. Academy of Management Journal, 50(1), 25-32. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMJ.2007.24160888
Estrada, I., Faems, D., & Faria, P. (2016). Coopetition and product innovation performance: The role of internal knowledge sharing mechanisms and formal knowledge protection mechanisms. Industrial Marketing Management, 53, 56- 65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2015.11.013
Garcia, P. S., Oliveira, M., & Brohman, K. (2022). Knowledge sharing, hiding and hoarding: how are they related? Knowledge Management Research and Practice, 20(3), 339-351. https://doi.org/10.1080/14778238.2020.1774434
Gernsheimer, O., Kanbach, D. K., & Gast, J. (2021). Coopetition research - A systematic literature review on recent accomplishments and trajectories. Industrial Marketing Management, 96, 113-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2021.05.001
Hosseini, M. A. S., Keimasi, M., Zanjani, M. S., & Haghighikhah, M. (2022). A systematic literature review of bank-fintech collaboration. Journal of Business Management, 14(2), 199-227. https://doi.org/10.22059/JIBM.2022.328496.4191
Kriz, A., Voola, R., & Yuksel, U. (2014). The dynamic capability of ambidexterity in hypercompetition: Qualitative insights. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 22(4), 287-299. https://doi.org/10.1080/0965254X.2013.876075
Luo, X., Slotegraaf, R. J., & Pan, X. (2006). Cross-functional “coopetition”: The simultaneous role of cooperation and competition within firms. Journal of Marketing, 70(2), 67-80. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.70.2.067
Luo, Y. (2005). Toward coopetition within a multinational enterprise: A perspective from foreign subsidiaries. Journal of World Business, 40(1), 71-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2004.10.006
Mail, M. S., Verschoore, J. R., & Monticelli, J. M. (2021). The interplay of competition and cooperation in the innovation process between established organizations and startups. International Journal of Business Administration, 12(4), 16. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijba.v12n4p16
Makkar, S., & Basu, S. (2019). The impact of emotional intelligence on workplace behaviour: A study of bank employees. Global Business Review, 20(2), 458-478. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972150917713903
Modenesi, A. M., & Passos, N. (2022). Bancos públicos e política monetária: Teoria e alguns resultados com base em projeções locais dependentes de estado. Brazilian Journal of Political Economy, 42(3), 697-717. https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-31572022-3280
Nalebuff, B. J., & Brandenburger, A. M. (1997). Co-opetition: Competitive and cooperative business strategies for the digital economy. Strategy & Leadership, 25(6), 28-33. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb054655
Nonaka, I., Kodama, M., Hirose, A., & Kohlbacher, F. (2014). Dynamic fractal organizations for promoting knowledge-based transformation: A new paradigm for organizational theory. European Management Journal, 32(1), 137-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2013.02.003
Oliveira, M., Curado, C., & Garcia, P. S. (2021). Knowledge hiding and knowledge hoarding: A systematic literature review. Knowledge and Process Management, 28(3), 277-294. https://doi.org/10.1002/kpm.1671
Pope, C., Ziebland, S., & Mays, N. (2000). Qualitative research in health care: Analysing qualitative data. BJM Books, 320(January), 455-466. https://doi.org/10.1201/b19093
Pratt, M. (2009). From the editors: For the lack of a boilerplate: Tips on writing up (and reviewing) qualitative research. Academy of Management Journal, 52(5), 856-862. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMJ.2009.44632557
Raza-Ullah, T., Bengtsson, M., & Kock, S. (2014). The coopetition paradox and tension in coopetition at multiple levels. Industrial Marketing Management, 43(2), 189-198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2013.11.001 Rynes, S., & Gephart, R. P. (2004). Qualitative research and the Academy of Management Journal. Academy of Management Journal, 47(4), 454-462. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMJ.2004.14438580
Seepana, C., Paulraj, A., & Huq, F. A. (2020). The architecture of coopetition: Strategic intent, ambidextrous managers and knowledge sharing. Industrial Marketing Management, 91, 100-113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2020.08.012
Shvindina, H. (2019). Coopetition as an emerging trend in research: Perspectives for safety & security. Safety, 5(3), 61. https://doi.org/10.3390/safety5030061
Solarino, A. M., & Aguinis, H. (2021). Challenges and best‐practice recommendations for designing and conducting interviews with elite informants. Journal of Management Studies, 58(3), 649-672.
Tidström, A. (2009). Causes of conflict in intercompetitor cooperation. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 24(7), 506-518. https://doi.org/10.1108/08858620910986749
Tidström, A., & Rajala, A. (2016). Coopetition strategy as interrelated praxis and practices on multiple levels. Industrial Marketing Management, 58, 35-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2016.05.013
Tsai, W. (2002). Social structure of “coopetition” within a multiunit organization: Coordination, competition and intraorganizational knowledge sharing. Organization Science, 13(2), 179-190. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.13.2.179.536
Tsai, Y., Joe, S., Chen, M., Lin, C., Ma, H., & Du, J. (2016). Assessing team performance: Moderating roles of transactive memory, hypercompetition and emotional regulation. Human Performance, 29(2), 89-105. https://doi.org/10.1080/08959285.2016.1154059
Yao, G., Zhao, H., Hu, Y., & Zheng, X. (2023). Exploring knowledge sharing and hiding on employees’ creative behaviors: A coopetition perspective. Journal of Innovation and Knowledge, 8(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2023.100447
Yin, R. K. (2012). Case study methods. In H. Cooper, P. M. Camic, D. L. Long, A. T. Panter, D. Rindskopf, & K. J. Sher (Eds.), APA Handbook of Research Methods in Psychology, Research Designs: Quantitative, Qualitative, Neuropsychological and Biological (vol. 2, pp. 141-155). https://doi.org/10.1037/13620-009