Managerial Controls and Cooperative Networks in Business Model Innovation
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Abstract
Objective: this article examines the mediating role of formal and informal controls in the relationship between cooperative networks and business model innovation in companies located in technology parks. It draws on the resource-based view literature, assuming that the formal and informal controls of companies in such locations support the capture and use of resources from cooperation networks with other companies in the same location and their park. Methods: data were collected from 94 managers and analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Results: the findings indicate that formal controls mediate the relationship between cooperative networks and business model innovation, contrasting with the lack of statistical significance observed in informal controls. When combined, formal and informal controls exhibit a mediating effect. Conclusions: the research reveals the intervening role of formal controls, indicating a short-term perspective on the resources available in cooperation networks, in contrast to informal controls, which play this role in the long term only when combined with formal controls. These findings contribute to the literature and managerial practice and emphasize the importance of (re)designing managerial controls to enhance the benefits of networks in business model innovation.
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Souza, H. R. de, & Beuren, I. M. (2025). Managerial Controls and Cooperative Networks in Business Model Innovation. Brazilian Administration Review, 22(1), e240081. https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-7692bar2025240081
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Research Articles
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References
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Bocquet, R., Brion, S., & Mothe, C. (2016). The role of cluster intermediaries for KIBS’ resources and innovation. Journal of Small Business Management, 54(10), 256-277. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12298
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Ferreras-Méndez, J. L., Olmos-Peñuela, J., Salas-Vallina, A., & Alegre, J. (2021). Entrepreneurial orientation and new product development performance in SMEs: The mediating role of business model innovation. Technovation, 108(6). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2021.102325
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Guo, B., Paraskevopoulou, E., & Santamaría Sánchez, L. (2019). Disentangling the role of management control systems for product and process innovation in different contexts. European Accounting Review, 28(4), 681-712. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638180.2018.1528168
Hair, J. F. J., Hult, G. T. M., M., R. C., & Sarstedt, M. (2022). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications Inc.
Henri, J. F., & Wouters, M. (2020). Interdependence of management control practices for product innovation: The influence of environmental unpredictability. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 86, 101073. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aos.2019.101073
Kaveski, I. D. S., & Beuren, I. M. (2022). Influência da motivação intrínseca e da cultura organizacional no comprometimento afetivo em empresas familiares: Controles formais e informais como mediadores. Innovar, 32(84), 97-110. https://doi.org/10.15446/innovar. v32n84.99681
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Kherrazi, S. (2020). Management control of collaborative innovation: Design and structuring mode. European Journal of Innovation Management, 24(3), 848-869. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-05-2019-0110
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Stouthuysen, K., Slabbinck, H., & Roodhooft, F. (2017). Formal controls and alliance performance: The effects of alliance motivation and informal controls. Management Accounting Research, 37, 49-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mar.2017.03.002
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Amit, R., & Zott, C. (2012). Creating value through business model innovation. MIT Sloan Management Review, 53, 41-49. https://sloanreview.mit.edu/article/creating-value-through-business-model-innovation/
Anwar, M., & Ali Shah, S. Z. (2020). Managerial networking and business model innovation: Empirical study of new ventures in an emerging economy. Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship, 32(3), 265-286. https://doi.org/10.1080/08276331.2018.1490509
Associação Nacional de Entidades Promotoras de Empreendimentos Inovadores. (2023). Sobre. https://anprotec.org.br/site/sobre/
Barney, J. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99-120. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700108
Barros, R. S., & Ferreira, A. M. D. S. da C. (2019). Bridging management control systems and innovation: The evolution of the research and possible research directions. Qualitative Research in Accounting and Management, 16(3), 342-372. https://doi.org/10.1108/QRAM-05-2017-0043
Beuren, I. M., & Dal Vesco, D. G. (2022). Management control systems and performance in strategic supply relationships. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 71(4), 1277-1296. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-01-2020-0036
Bocquet, R., Brion, S., & Mothe, C. (2016). The role of cluster intermediaries for KIBS’ resources and innovation. Journal of Small Business Management, 54(10), 256-277. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12298
Chan, K. F., & Lau, T. (2005). Assessing technology incubator programs in the science park: The good, the bad and the ugly. Technovation, 25(10), 1215-1228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2004.03.010
Chenhall, R. H. (2003). Management control systems design within its organizational context: Findings from contingency-based research and directions for the future. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 28(2-3), 127- 168. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0361-3682(01)00027-7
Chenhall, R. H., Kallunki, J. P., & Silvola, H. (2011). Exploring the relationships between strategy, innovation, and management control systems: The roles of social networking, organic innovative culture, and formal controls. Journal of Management Accounting Research, 23(1), 99-128. https://doi.org/10.2308/jmar-10069
Clauss, T. (2017). Measuring business model innovation: Conceptualization, scale development, and proof of performance. R and D Management, 47(3), 385-403. https://doi.org/10.1111/radm.12186
Clauss, T., Abebe, M., Tangpong, C., & Hock, M. (2021). Strategic agility, business model innovation, and firm performance: An empirical investigation. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 68(3), 767-784. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2019.2910381
Collins, C. J., & Clark, K. D. (2003). Strategic human resource practices, top management team social networks, and firm performance: The role of human resource practices in creating organizational competitive advantage. Academy of Management Journal, 46(6), 740-751. https://doi.org/10.2307/30040665
Das, T. K., & Teng, B. S. (1998). Between trust and control: Developing confidence in partner cooperation in alliances. Academy of Management Review, 23(3), 491-512. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMR.1998.926623
Das, T. K., & Teng, B.-S. (2001). Trust, control, and risk in strategic alliances. Organization Studies, 22(2), 251-283. https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840601222004
Dias, C. N., Hoffmann, V. E., & Martínez-Fernández, M. T. (2019). Resource complementarities in R&D network for innovation performance: Evidence from the agricultural sector in Brazil and Spain. International Food and Agribusiness Management Review, 22(2), 193-213. https://doi.org/10.22434/IFAMR2018.0023
Dongling, W., Yuming, Z., Xinmin, L., Chen, J., XiaoYi, Z., & Chang, H. (2022). Can inter-organizational knowledge-sharing improve enterprise innovation performance? The mediator effect of innovation capability and the moderator effect of network characteristics. Frontiers in Communication, 7(6), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2022.856301
Duréndez, A., Dieguez-Soto, J., & Madrid-Guijarro, A. (2023). The influence of CEO’s financial literacy on SMEs technological innovation: The mediating effects of MCS and risk‐taking. Financial Innovation, 9(15). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40854-022-00414-w
Eisenhardt, K. M. (1985). Control: Organizational and economic approaches. Management Science, 31(2), 134-149. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.31.2.134
Faccin, K., Wegner, D., & Balestrin, A, (2020). How to orchestrate R&D networks? The role of orchestration subprocesses and collaborative practices over time. Creativity and Innovation Management, 29(1), 161-177. https://doi.org/10.1111/caim.12355
Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., & Lang, A. G. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods, 41(4), 1149-1160. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149
Ferreras-Méndez, J. L., Olmos-Peñuela, J., Salas-Vallina, A., & Alegre, J. (2021). Entrepreneurial orientation and new product development performance in SMEs: The mediating role of business model innovation. Technovation, 108(6). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2021.102325
Ganguly, S., & Das, S. (2020). Paradoxes of control and creativity: Evidence from Indian, 17(6), 2050046. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219877020500467
Guo, B., Paraskevopoulou, E., & Santamaría Sánchez, L. (2019). Disentangling the role of management control systems for product and process innovation in different contexts. European Accounting Review, 28(4), 681-712. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638180.2018.1528168
Hair, J. F. J., Hult, G. T. M., M., R. C., & Sarstedt, M. (2022). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications Inc.
Henri, J. F., & Wouters, M. (2020). Interdependence of management control practices for product innovation: The influence of environmental unpredictability. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 86, 101073. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aos.2019.101073
Kaveski, I. D. S., & Beuren, I. M. (2022). Influência da motivação intrínseca e da cultura organizacional no comprometimento afetivo em empresas familiares: Controles formais e informais como mediadores. Innovar, 32(84), 97-110. https://doi.org/10.15446/innovar. v32n84.99681
Kessler, S. R., Nixon, A. E., & Nord, W. R. (2017). Examining organic and mechanistic structures: Do we know as much as we thought? International Journal of Management Reviews, 19(4), 531-555. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijmr.12109
Kherrazi, S. (2020). Management control of collaborative innovation: Design and structuring mode. European Journal of Innovation Management, 24(3), 848-869. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-05-2019-0110
Kock, N. (2015). Common method bias in PLS-SEM: A full collinearity assessment approach. International Journal of e-Collaboration, 11(4), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.4018/ijec.2015100101
Koçak, Ö., & Can, Ö. (2014). Determinants of inter-firm networks among tenants of science technology parks. Industrial and Corporate Change, 23(2), 467-492. https://doi.org/10.1093/icc/dtt015
Lavie, D. (2006). The competitive advantage of interconnected firms: An extension of the resource-based view. Academy of Management Review, 31(3), 638-658. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2006.21318922
Lynn, L. H., Reddy, N. M., & Aram, J. D. (1996). Linking technology and institutions: The innovation community framework. Research Policy, 25(1), 91- 106. https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-7333(94)00817-5
Memon, M. A., Cheah, J.-H., Ramayah, T., Ting, H., & Chuah, F. (2018). Mediation analysis: Issues and recommendations. Journal of Applied Structural Equation Modeling, 2(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.47263/jasem.2(1)01
Micheli, M. R., Berchicci, L., & Jansen, J. J. P. (2020). Leveraging diverse knowledge sources through proactive behaviour: How companies can use inter-organizational networks for business model innovation. Creativity and Innovation Management, 29(2), 198-208. https://doi.org/10.1111/caim.12359
Mielcarek, P., & Dymitrowski, A. (2022). Business model innovation based on new technologies - is it resources driven and dependent? European Business Review, 34(5), 729-748. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-06-2021-0128
Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovações. (2024). MCTI InovaDatabr. https://inovadata-br.ufv.br/companies-page
Mouritsen, J., & Thrane, S. (2006). Accounting, network complementarities and the development of inter-organisational relations. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 31(3), 241-275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aos.2005.04.002
Oyadomari, J. C. T., Frezatti, F., Mendonça Neto, O. R., Cardoso, R. L., & Bido, D. S. (2011). Uso do sistema de controle gerencial e desempenho: Um estudo em empresas brasileiras sob a perspectiva da resources based view. Revista Eletrônica de Administração, 17(2), 298-329. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-23112011000200001
Pazetto, C. F., & Beuren, I. M. (2022). Control systems and interorganizational identification in technology parks cooperation. Revista Contabilidade & Financas, 33(88), 13-28. https://doi.org/10.1590/1808-057x202113020
Pistoni, A., Arcari, A., & Gigliarano, C. (2022). Managerial control systems and innovation partnership success: An empirical analysis in Italian firms. European Journal of Innovation Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-10-2018-0217
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879-903. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879
Pulka, B. M., Ramli, A., & Mohamad, A. (2021). Entrepreneurial competencies, entrepreneurial orientation, entrepreneurial network, government business support and SMEs performance. The moderating role of the external environment. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 28(4), 586-618. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-12-2018-0390
Sant’Anna, L. T., Tonelli, D. F., Martins, T. C. M., & Antonialli, L. M. (2019). O dissenso entre atores públicos e privados envolvidos em Parques Tecnológicos em operação no Brasil. Revista de Ciências da Administração, 21(54), 45-59. https://doi.org/10.5007/2175-8077.2019.e59403
Santoro, M. D., & Chakrabarti, A. K. (2002). Firm size and technology centrality in industry-university interactions. Research Policy, 31(7), 1163-1180. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(01)00190-1
Schmidt, S., & Balestrin, A. (2015). Brazilian incubators and science parks’ resources and R&D collaboration. Journal of Technology Management & Innovation, 10(3), 32-43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27242015000300004
Schmidt, S., Balestrin, A., Machado, R. E., & Bohnenberger, M. C. (2016). Collaborative R&D and project results within Brazilian incubators and science parks. International Journal Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 27(1),1-18. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJESB.2016.073349
Soetanto, D. P., & Jack, S. L. (2013). Business incubators and the networks of technology-based firms. Journal of Technology Transfer, 38(4), 432-453. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-011-9237-4
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